Installation of Oracle Database 11g Release 2 on RHEL 5
Pre-Installation ConfigurationsCheck Hardware Requirements
-- Check Physical RAM. # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2075424 kB /* We need at least 1GB of physical RAM. In my case I have 2GB. */ -- Check Swap Space. # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 3148732 kB /* RAM between 1GB and 2GB then Swap = 1.5 times the size of RAM RAM between 2GB and 16GB then Swap = equal to the size of RAM RAM more than 16GB then Swap Size = 16GB Since my RAM is 2GB, so I have 3GB of Swap Size. */ # df -h /dev/shm/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 1014M 0 1014M 0% /dev/shm /* What ever you are going to use your Automatic Memory Management Targets later on this database, you need to have shared memory file system size at lease equal to those settings. In my case I have plans to use memory management targets lower then 1000M so 1014 M of shared memory file system is sufficient for me. But if you would like to have a bigger shared memory (/dev/shm) size then do the following: */ # mount -t tmpfs tmpfs -o size=1500m /dev/shm # df -h /dev/shm/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm -- Check space available in /tmp # df -h /tmp Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 1.5G 35M 1.4G 3% /tmp /* You need to have at least 1GB of space in the /tmp directory. Make sure you have 1GB in the column "Avail" in the above output. In my case I have 1.4G space available in /tmp. */ -- Check space for Oracle Software and pre configured database. -- I have created a separate partition "/u01" for Oracle Software -- and database files # df -h /u01 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 15G 166M 14G 2% /u01 -- I have 14G available space on the partition /u01. /* Space requirement for Oracle 11g Release 2 Software: Enterprise Edition 3.95G Standard Edition 3.88G Space requirement for Oracle Database Files: 1.7 G ( creating a database is always optional with oracle installation. Can be done later. ) */ /* To install Oracle 11g Release 2 your system should be running on at least 1024x768 screen resolution. */ # xdpyinfo | grep 'dimensions:' dimensions: 1280x720 pixels (433x244 millimeters) /* To install Oracle 11g Release 2 on RHEL 5 you should be running a kernel version 2.6.18 or later. */ # uname -r 2.6.18-194.el5
Meeting the software requirements
Make sure that there is an entry in /etc/hosts file for your machine like this
[IP-address] [fully-qualified-machine-name] [machine-name]
/*
Where "fully-qualified-machine-name" is your
"machine_name"."domain_name"
*/
Next we need to adjust the Linux Kernel Parameters to support Oracle.
Open /etc/sysctl.conf and add the following lines
# Oracle settings
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304
Note: You may find the parameters mentioned above already present in the /etc/sysctl.conf file. If they have a value lower then mentioned above then make sure you change it, but if they have a larger value then perhaps its safe to leave it as is
Now setup User that we will use as Oracle owner and the groups that it will need for installing and managing Oracle-- Make the kernel parameters changes effective immediately: # /sbin/sysctl -p -- Verify the parameters are changed or not? # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep name_of_kernel_parameter -- e.g. shmall
/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd oper
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
/usr/bin/passwd oracle
Create directories where the Oracle Software and database will be installed
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -R 0775 /u01 /* The above directory structure is designed to comply with OFA (Oracle Flexible Architecture) i.e. a directory structure to support multiple oracle software installations. ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle -- Base directory for all oracle installations. ORACLE_HOME=ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 -- 11.2.0 installation 1. ORACLE_HOME=ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_2 -- 11.2.0 installation 2. ORACLE_HOME=ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 -- 10.2.0 installation 1. and so on.... */
Now set the shell limits for the user Oracle.
Open /etc/security/limits.conf and add these lines.
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
Open /etc/pam.d/login and add the following line if it is already not there
session required pam_limits.so
Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows
SELINUX=disabled
If you leave SELINUX=enforcing then you may get an error later while starting sqlplus:
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries:
/usr/lib/oracle/default/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot restore segment
prot after reloc: Permission denied
Now we need to make sure we have all necessary packages for Oracle. Put your Linux Media into DVD and go to the "Server" directory
cd /dvd_mount_point/Server if you have a problem then below link may help you.http://openbysource.blogspot.com/2007/02/configuring-yum-in-rhel5-for-dvd-source.htmlcd /me (press tab key)cd /media/RH press tab keycd /media/RHEL_5.1\ i386\ DVD/ServerFor RHEL 5 (32-bit): rpm -Uvih --nodeps binutils-2* rpm -Uvih --nodeps compat-libstdc++-33*rpm -Uvih --nodeps elfutils-libelf-0*rpm -Uvih --nodeps elfutils-libelf-devel-0*rpm -Uvih --nodeps elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0*rpm -Uvih --nodeps gcc-4*rpm -Uvih --nodeps gcc-c++-4*rpm -Uvih --nodeps glibc-2*`uname -p`*rpm -Uvih --nodeps glibc-common-2*rpm -Uvih --nodeps glibc-devel-2*rpm -Uvih --nodeps glibc-headers-2*rpm -Uvih --nodeps kernel-headers-2*rpm -Uvih --nodeps ksh-20*rpm -Uvih --nodeps libaio-0*rpm -Uvih --nodeps libaio-devel-0*rpm -Uvih --nodeps libgcc-4*rpm -Uvih --nodeps libgomp-4*rpm -Uvih --nodeps libstdc++-4*rpm -Uvih --nodeps libstdc++-devel-4*rpm -Uvih --nodeps make-3*rpm -Uvih --nodeps numactl-devel-0*rpm -Uvih --nodeps sysstat-7*rpm -Uvih --nodeps unixODBC-2*rpm -Uvih --nodeps unixODBC-devel-2*For RHEL 5 (64-bit): rpm -Uvih binutils-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih compat-libstdc++-33*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih compat-libstdc++-33*i386* rpm -Uvih elfutils-libelf-0*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih elfutils-libelf-devel-0*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih gcc-4*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih gcc-c++-4*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih glibc-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih glibc-2*i686* rpm -Uvih glibc-common-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih glibc-devel-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih glibc-devel-2*i386* rpm -Uvih glibc-headers-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih ksh-20*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih libaio-0*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih libaio-0*i386* rpm -Uvih libaio-devel-0*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih libaio-devel-0*i386* rpm -Uvih libgcc-4*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih libgcc-4*i386* rpm -Uvih libstdc++-4*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih libstdc++-4*i386* rpm -Uvih libstdc++-devel-4*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih make-3*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih numactl-devel-0*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih sysstat-7*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih unixODBC-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih unixODBC-2*i386* rpm -Uvih unixODBC-devel-2*`uname -p`* rpm -Uvih unixODBC-devel-2*i386*NOTE: If you are using RHEL5 DVD then you should find them all in the "Server" directory in your DVD. And if you don't find one there you may download it from the Linux vendor's Web site. If you have your Linux distribution in 3 CDs then these will be scattered on all three CDs in the Server directory on all CDs.Allow the user oracle to use X server, which it will need to run Oracle Universal Installer# xhost +SI:localuser:oracleNow switch to the user oracle# su - oracle -- Let's see which shell is being used by the user Oracle. $ echo $SHELL /bin/bashIf the returned shell is bash then open ~/.bash_profile and add these lines.# Oracle settings TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR # If /tmp doesn't have 1G space free then you can workaround it by # pointing the variables TMP AND TMPDIR to a location where you have # sufficient space. ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora11g.home.com; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=ora11g; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fiIf using C shell then open ~/.login and add these lines:Now run the following command to make these changes effective in the current session of user oracle.-- for bash shell $ source ~/.bash_profile -- for C shell $ source ~/.loginInstall Oracle 11g Release 2 on RHEL 5The environment is ready for oracle installation. Its time to prepare the oracle installation media now. Download or Copy the oracle media to the oracle user home directory i.e. /home/oracle. Once Download/Copy is done unzip the media as follows$ cd /home/oracle $ ls linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip $ $ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip $ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zipOnce the unzip is finished go to the "database" directory unzipped in the previous step and start the Oracle Universal Installer.$ cd /home/oracle/database/ $ ./runInstallerThe OUI (Oracle Universal Installer) should start and you should see following screens in the order given below:1. Provide your email address and Oracle support password to get security updates from Oracle.7. Specify the Oracle install inventory location and Operating system group "oinstall".8. Now all prerequisite checks will be performed here and if every thing is ok you will be moved to the install summary page. You can hit the "Back" button and come back to see the status of all the checks performed.
9. Installation Summary page. Hit "Finish" to start the Installation.
10. Installation Progress. This will take several minutes and it will automatically invoke Database COnfiguration Assistant to create a database.
11. Database Configuration Assistant invoked by the installer.
12. Once DBCA has finished creating the database, it will show a page like this. It is a summary of the database that has just been created.
13. As a last step you will be asked to execute some configuration scripts as root.
Note:change the below lines of above ~/.bash_profile file by reopening in vi or other editor.ORACLE_HOSTNAME = ora11g.home.com with your own host name andORACLE_SID=ora11g with your own SID name which you have entered at the time of oracle installation
Stopping an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management Instance
Connect as oracle user.
$ sqlplus
Enter user-name: / as sysdba
Caution:
Do not stop an Automatic Storage Management instance until you have stopped all Oracle Database instances that use that Automatic Storage Management instance to manage their storage.
To stop an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management instance:
- To identify the SID and Oracle home directory for the instance that you want to shut down, run the following command:On Solaris:
$ cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab
On other operating systems:$ cat /etc/oratab
Theoratabfile contains lines similar to the following, which identify the SID and corresponding Oracle home directory for each database or Automatic Storage Management instance on the system:sid:oracle_home_directory:[Y|N]
Note:Oracle recommends that you use the plus sign (+) as the first character in the SID of Automatic Storage Management instances. - Depending on the default shell, run the
oraenvorcoraenvscript to set the environment variables for the instance that you want to shut down:- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv
- C shell:
% source /usr/local/bin/coraenv
When prompted, specify the SID for the instance. - Run the following commands to shut down the instance:
$ sqlplus SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSDBA Enter password: sys_password SQL> SHUTDOWN NORMALAfter the instance shuts down, you can quit SQL*Plus.
Caution:
If the database instance uses Automatic Storage Management for storage management, then you must start the Automatic Storage Management instance before you start the database instance.
To restart an Oracle Database or Automatic Storage Management instance:
- If required, repeat Steps 1 and 2 of the preceding procedure to set the
ORACLE_SIDandORACLE_HOMEenvironment variables to identify the SID and Oracle home directory for the instance that you want to start. - Run the following commands to start the instance:
$ sqlplus SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSDBA Enter password: sys_password SQL> STARTUPAfter the instance starts, you can exit from SQL*Plus.
Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Linux
The following represents the Oracle recommended method for automating database startup and shutdown of Oracle 9i instances on Linux, but it works equally well for Oracle 10g, 11G and 12c also. It can be used on any RHEL-style distribution, including Oracle Linux, up to an including RHEL6.
Once the instance is created, edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.
TSH1:/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0:Y
Next, create a file called "/etc/init.d/dbora" as the root user, containing the following.
This method can still be used under Oracle 10g, 11g and 12c, provided the "ORA_HOME" variable is amended to use the correct path and this is added to the end of the
dbstart and dbshut lines. The lines to start and stop the listener can be removed under Oracle 10g Release 2 onward, as the dbstart command includes an automatic start of the listener.#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 345 99 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
#ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
#ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
#ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
ORA_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=db12c
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
# The following command assumes that the oracle login
# will not prompt the user for any values
su $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORA_HOME"
touch /var/lock/subsys/dbora
;;
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle databases:
# The following command assumes that the oracle login
# will not prompt the user for any values
su $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORA_HOME"
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/dbora
;;
esac
Use the
chmod command to set the privileges to 750.chmod 750 /etc/init.d/dbora
Create symbolic links to the
dbora script in the appropriate run-level script directories as follows.# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01dbora
# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99dbora# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99dboraNext, we must create the "startup.sh" and "shutdown.sh" scripts in the "/home/oracle/scripts". First create the directory.
The "/home/oracle/scripts/startup.sh" script should contain the following commands.
#!/bin/bash export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol6-112.localdomain #export ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G #export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol6-121.localdomain export ORACLE_UNQNAME=db12c export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1 export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_SID=db12c ORAENV_ASK=NO . oraenv ORAENV_ASK=YES # Start Listener lsnrctl start # Start Database sqlplus / as sysdba << EOF STARTUP; EXIT; EOF
The "/home/oracle/scripts/shutdown.sh" script is similar.
#!/bin/bash export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #export ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G #export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol6-112.localdomain #export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol6-121.localdomain export ORACLE_UNQNAME=db12c export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1 export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_SID=db12c ORAENV_ASK=NO . oraenv ORAENV_ASK=YES # Stop Database sqlplus / as sysdba << EOF SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; EXIT; EOF # Stop Listener lsnrctl stop
Note. You could move the environment settings into the "dbora" file or into a separate file that is sourced in the startup and shutdown script. I kept it local to the script so you could see the type of things that need to be set in case you have to write a script to deal with multiple installations, instances and listeners.
Make sure the permissions and ownership of the files is correct.
# chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/startup.sh /home/oracle/scripts/shutdown.sh # chown oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/scripts/startup.sh /home/oracle/scripts/shutdown.sh
Restart your system and you will see the listener and database will now start and stop automatically with the machine. You may test as follows:
oracle@192.168.1.200's password:
Last login: Wed Feb 6 05:10:13 2013 from 192.168.1.141
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 6 05:24:31 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: / as sysdba
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
Solution:
alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER="(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.110)(PORT=1521))";
alter system register;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORA-12203: TNS:unable to connect to destination
OFF FIRE WALL ON BOTH DATABASE AND CLIENT
If needed
TNS ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN is an environment variable that points to the directory where the SQL*Net configuration files (like sqlnet.ora and tnsnames.ora) are located.
Windows:
set TNS_ADMIN=%ORACLE HOME%\network\admin
Unix/ Linux:
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE HOME/network/admin
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Oracle 11g a new parameter called SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON
which is defaults to TRUE for case sensitive passwords. My SCOTT
password was "tiger" is small case and Forms 10g was taking it as
"TIGER" on runtime.
Solution 1:
- Connect as sys and change the parameter to false.
alter system set SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON = FALSE;
Otherwise following error will occured.
ORA-01017 Invalid username/password logon denied
connecting form 6i to oracle database 10G/ express edition/11gR2 32 bit
changed the database character set to UTF8, i show may step maybe will help for anybody.connect "AS SYSDBA" in sqlplus.
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE UTF8;
SHUTDOWN;
STARTUP RESTRICT;
SHUTDOWN;
STARTUP;
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